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buy cialis generic online KEMRI has done quite a lot of research on HIV/AIDS. First of all when the disease was detected back in 1983 in the US, our scientists immediately started being part of that global group of people asking what this disease was. You will recall nobody knew anything about HIV/AIDS shortly before 1983. In 1984, scientists developed diagnostic tests for HIV and in 1985, the first HIV diagnosis was actually done here in Kenya; specifically here in KEMRI. So we are the pioneers in terms of HIV diagnosis here in Kenya and we were the first to report that HIV is also here in Kenya.
After the initial diagnosis, we have continued to conduct research on HIV in diverse areas. We have continued in the area of diagnostics. In 1996, we received support from Japan through JICA as part of a technology transfer programme to develop diagnostic kits for HIV. Right now we have the technical capacity and the infrastructural capacity to produce HIV diagnostic kits. In fact, we are producing what is called KEMCOM HIV 1 and 2 rapid tests for HIV. These kits can be used in our Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centres.
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buy cialis generic online They are not at the moment but have very good potential because of the local production capacity at KEMRI. The way it is right now, and this I think that the press should highlight, is that most of the kits that are now coming into the country are obtained through donor grants. There are certain conditions on utilisation of such grants for purchase of diagnostic kits or reagents, such kits that must be produced in a WHO (World Health Organisation) pre-qualified facility. Unfortunately, there are very few such WHO pre-qualified laboratories in Africa.
This has been a major obstacle. We have very good kits; they have been tested by all our regulatory bodies, the National AIDS and STDs Control Programme (NASCOP) has already evaluated and approved them; and so have the Pharmacy Drugs and Poison’s Board. But because the facility that we are using is not yet WHO pre-qualified, the government cannot use donor funds to buy these kits, so that is why I am saying it can be used
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buy cialis generic online There is a way out because now we are getting a lot of support from WHO itself. Since I took the helm as Director, we have worked very closely with the WHO country office, which has since carried out an assessment of the facility. We now know the kind of support that we require to have this facility WHO pre-qualified. So there is light at the end of the tunnel as far as WHO pre-qualification is concerned.
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buy cialis generic online We are also getting support from CDC. They supported a study carried out last year on the business potential of the production unit where our kits are produced. That study has also outlined what is required for us to be WHO pre-qualified and the budgetary requirements. With all these efforts, we believe the KEMRI production facility will be WHO pre-qualified, which should then open our products to international competitiveness. The government can then use funds, including donor funds to buy kits from such a facility. So diagnostics is one area where we have made significant progress in HIV.
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buy cialis generic onlineThe other area where we have made significant contribution in the generation of new knowledge is in the area of HIV/AIDS epidemiology. What sub-type of HIV is prevalent in this country? When HIV was first diagnosed in this country, nobody knew what subtype it was. Whereas the prevalent subtype in Europe and other countries, is subtype B, the prevalent subtype in Kenya and many other East African countries is not type B, but subtype A and D. We have done research on subtype specificity in many parts of the country including far away places such as the border between Kenya and Ethiopia where our studies have indicated that the prevalent type there is subtype C because of cross-border effects with Ethiopia whose sub type is C.
So we now know the picture of HIV epidemiology in this country. What is the significance of this? Knowledge of circulating HIV subtypes is likely to inform diagnostics and possibly design of effective HIV vaccines. We have also carried out ground breaking studies on HIV discordantcouples, development of strategies for better prevention, control and treatment of HIV/AIDS including use of microbicides and voluntary medical male circumcision.
Finally the other work we have done in HIV/AIDS is on drug resistance. That has been a major problem in the management of HIV. You give drugs to HIV patients…
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buy cialis generic onlineYes, Anti-Retroviral drugs. Development of drug resistance is a major problem in the management of HIV disease. We have acquired the necessary laboratory infrastructure and skilled human resource capacity to monitor drug resistance. Indeed, our HIV laboratory is a WHO-designated facility for drug resistance.
In addition to work on drug resistance, we have also been carrying out research on prevention of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV. We pioneered local research to study the use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother- to- child transmission of HIV. Finally, I cannot end work on HIV/AIDS without mentioning KEMRON, an alternative to the commonly used highly active antiretroviral drugs. It belongs to the category of biological response modifiers, whose mode of action is to amplify the body’s own defence mechanisms against viral infections.
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buy cialis generic online Not necessarily a substitute but an alternative to ARVs. Drug resistance is not likely to be an issue with drugs such as KEMRON. I believe KEMRON is probably still in circulation being marketed by a firm in Europe, with the same active principles but a different name! We also carried out studies on other similar non-ARV drugs such as Viron 50. That was also very good
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buy cialis generic online Yes, it had a positive effect. The only problem was mainly to do with its formulation. Viron-50 only needed more work on its formulation and perhaps it would have become a fairly good non-ARV. The unfortunate news on all work concerning HIV/AIDS is that, to date, we do not have a vaccine as of yet.
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buy cialis generic online But because there is now a wealth of information about management of HIV, it is now becoming a manageable chronic illness. If you know your status and is positive, you can take necessary medication; if you are negative then you know how to protect yourself. The wealth of information is contributing to the declining prevalence of HIV/AIDS in many parts of the world.
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buy cialis generic online The prevalence is going down. So who knows? Perhaps, at one point in future, the prevalence will be too low to allow any transmission of the virus.
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buy cialis generic online Yes. The circulating levels can be insignificant, and transmission becomes a rare event. In other words, the few positive cases will eventually be “diluted out”. Personally I see that this will be the trend, we need to maintain the declining trends, and HIV will one day be history.
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buy cialis generic online He was a KEMRI researcher at around the time of Kemron. After he left KEMRI is when he developed Pearl Omega. I cannot comment much about Pearl Omega.
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buy cialis generic online He did it outside KEMRI.
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buy cialis generic online Well, to respond to that, first of all I would say that we are fortunate that that particular plant that you have heard about is a plant that we have already carried out research on.
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buy cialis generic online Yes. We are not entirely ignorant about that particular plant. The only unfortunate thing is that we have done research on only one aspect of it which we can talk about because we have evidence. We have evidence that that particular plant is very good for the control and treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
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buy cialis generic online Yes, and HSV is an opportunistic infection of HIV. It causes the zosters that present like burns on people who are HIV positive. We have carried out research initially, on laboratory mice and it has shown very good efficacy. In fact, it is just as good as Acyclovir which is a known commercial medicine for treatment of HSV. Our product may even be better because there is already some resistance for Acyclovir now but none has yet been reported on the particular product we have developed.
So we can talk about what that plant can do as far as HSV is concerned and we can publicise that. The only problem why we cannot come out and tell people not to go to Tanzania is because we have not carried out any studies on those other ailments that are claimed to be treatable by that particular plant. So, whether they are able to treat HIV/AIDS as a virus, we have not carried out studies and we cannot comment on that. Neither can we comment on the use of this plant to treat diabetes as claimed and…
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buy cialis generic onlineCancer and all these other things, we have not carried out research ourselves. It might have been carried out in other places because I have come across some literature to that effect, but at KEMRI, we can only talk about what we have done. In fact, as I was reading about the ‘Loliondo wonder’, as it is called, I just wished we had carried out studies of our product on these other ailments that the ‘wonder drug’ is purported to treat, and perhaps we would be having a sound scientific basis on which to advise the public. But research, in its very nature, takes a long time to generate results.
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buy cialis generic online It takes a long time. In Loliondo, the drug is just being administered without due consideration to a number of variables that a scientific study would have to control or establish. They are just doing it rather crudely.
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buy cialis generic online You don’t know the concentration; you don’t know the safety of the drug, what it does to the liver, what it does to the kidneys
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buy cialis generic online All sorts of side effects, nobody knows. People are just drinking. And us as scientists, our profession would not allow us to do that. So we cannot actually take a plant like that. Even if you told us now to do it, we would not just go direct and start giving it to people
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buy cialis generic online Right! One would have to take it through the normal scientific rigorous process, test it on other animals; test it on baboons. If the baboons are not developing any sort of side reaction, then it may also be safe for us. Unfortunately, that is very slow and detailed work and people might not wait. But those are the limitations that we have
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DR. MPOKE: Yes. So that is the position as far as that particular plant is concerned
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